NORVIR 100MG/TAB 30TABS/BOTTLE 利托那韦

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 详细处方信息以本药内容附件PDF文件（20118321591325.pdf）的“原文Priscribing Information”为准
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部分中文利托那韦处方资料（仅供参考）

英文药名: Norvir (Ritonavir)

中文药名: 利托那韦

药品简介
雅培公司的利托那韦片获得美国FDA批准上市，用于单独或与抗逆转录病毒的核苷类药物合用治疗晚期或非进行性的艾滋病病人。
利托那韦为人免疫缺陷病毒-1（HIV-1）和人免疫缺陷病毒-2（HIV-2）天冬氨酸蛋白酶的口服有效抑制剂，阻断该酶促使产生形态学上成熟HIV颗粒所需的聚蛋白，使HIV颗粒因而保持在未成熟的状态，从而减慢HIV在细胞中的蔓延，以防止新一轮感染的发生和延迟疾病的发展。本品对齐多夫定敏感的和齐多夫定与沙喹那韦耐药的HIV株一般均有效。
利托那韦的剂量为600mg每日2次口服,可与进食同时进行。剂量从300mg每日2次在5天内逐渐递增至600mg每日2次,可减少腹泻的发生, 而这是一种主要的副作用。口服液如在30天内仍未服完必须放入冰箱。与吲哚那韦的交叉耐药常见；对其他蛋白酶抑制剂部分或完全耐药亦可见到。利托那韦是最强的细胞色素P-450酶抑制剂, 其他药物如某些非镇静类抗组胺药(如特非那定), 镇静类催眠药(如咪哒唑仑), 或抗心律失常药与之合用会使这些药物浓度升高达中毒水平及致病。所有合并用药都必须考虑其与利托那韦的可能的相互作用。促进P-450的药, 如利福平, 会降低利托那韦的血浓度, 而得不到预期疗效。副作用包括腹泻, 口周感觉异常, 味觉改变, 恶心, 肝炎和脂类异常。

Use
NORVIR® (ritonavir) is in a class of medicines called the HIV protease (PRO-tee-ase) inhibitors. NORVIR is used in combination with other anti-HIV medicines to treat people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. NORVIR is for adults and for children age greater than 1 month and older.

NORVIR does not cure HIV infection or AIDS and does not reduce the risk of passing HIV to others. People taking NORVIR may still get opportunistic infections or other conditions that happen with HIV infection. Some of these conditions are pneumonia, herpes virus infections, and Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections.

Important Safety Information
Do not take NORVIR if you have had a serious allergic reaction to NORVIR or any of its ingredients. Allergic reactions ranging from hives, asthma, severe breathing issues and mild to severe skin reactions have occurred.

Drug Interactions:
The below list of drug interactions is not complete. Before you take NORVIR, you must tell your doctor about all the medicines you are taking or are planning to take. These include other prescription and non-prescription medicines and herbal supplements.

Do not take the following medicines with NORVIR because they can cause serious or life-threatening problems such as irregular heartbeat, breathing difficulties or excessive sleepiness: Cordarone® (amiodarone); ergotamine, ergonovine, methylergonovine, and dihydroergotamine such as Cafergot®, Migranal®, D.H.E. 45® and others; Halcion® (triazolam); Orap® (pimozide); Propulsid® (cisapride); quinidine, also known as Quinaglute®, Cardioquin®, Quinidex® and others; Revatio® (sildenafil) only when used for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension; Rythmol® (propafenone); Tambocor® (flecainide); Uroxatral® (alfuzosin hydrochloride); Vascor® (bepridil); Versed® (oral midazolam); and Vfend® (voriconazole).

Do not take NORVIR with St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum) as this may decrease NORVIR levels and lead to increased viral load and possible resistance to NORVIR or other antiretroviral medicines.

Do not take NORVIR with Mevacor® (lovastatin) or Zocor® (simvastatin) because of possible serious reactions. There is an increased risk of drug interactions between NORVIR and Lipitor® (atorvastatin) and Crestor® (rosuvastatin); you should talk to your doctor before you take any of these cholesterol-lowering medicines with NORVIR.

If you are taking Viagra® (sildenafil), Cialis® (tadalafil), or Levitra® (vardenafil) with NORVIR, your doctor may lower your dose of these medicines because you may be at risk of side effects such as low blood pressure, visual changes, and penile erection lasting more than 4 hours. Tell your doctor right away if you experience any of these side effects.

If you are taking Adcirca® (tadalafil) for pulmonary arterial hypertension, your doctor may change your dose of this medicine.

If you are taking oral contraceptives (“the pill”) or using the contraceptive patch to prevent pregnancy, you should use a different type of contraception since NORVIR may reduce the effectiveness of oral or patch contraceptives.

If you are taking Mycobutin® (rifabutin), your doctor will lower the dose of Mycobutin.

If you are taking Colcrys® (colchicine) or Tracleer® (bosentan), your doctor will tell you what dose to use.

NORVIR oral solution contains alcohol. Talk with your doctor if you are taking or planning to take Flagyl® (metronidazole) or Antabuse® (disulfiram). Severe nausea and vomiting can occur.

Rifampin, also known as Rimactane®, Rifadin®, Rifater®, or Rifamate®, may reduce blood levels of NORVIR. Be sure to tell your doctor if you are taking rifampin.

Rifampin and saquinavir should not be taken together with NORVIR. Be sure to tell your doctor if you are taking rifampin and saquinavir.

If you are taking or before you begin using inhaled Flonase® (fluticasone propionate), Serevent® (salmeterol), or Advair® (salmeterol in combination with fluticasone propionate), talk to your doctor about problems these medicines may cause when taken with NORVIR. Your doctor may choose not to keep you on inhaled Flonase, Serevent, or Advair.

Side Effects: (This list is not complete):
Blood tests in patients taking NORVIR may show possible liver problems. People with liver disease such as hepatitis B and C who take NORVIR may have worsening liver disease. Liver problems, including death, have occurred in people who take NORVIR and in people taking Aptivus® (tipranavir) with NORVIR. Tell your doctor right away if you have any of the following signs and symptoms: loss of appetite, yellowing of skin or eyes (jaundice), dark-colored urine, pale-colored stools, itchy skin and/or stomach area (abdominal) pain.

Pancreas problems (pancreatitis), which may cause death, have been reported in some people taking NORVIR. Tell your doctor if you have nausea, vomiting or abdominal pain as these may be signs of pancreatitis.

Large increases in triglycerides and cholesterol have occurred in some people taking NORVIR. The long-term chance of getting complications such as heart attacks or stroke due to increases in triglycerides and cholesterol caused by protease inhibitors is not known at this time.

Diabetes and high blood sugar (hyperglycemia), changes in body fat, and increased bleeding in people with hemophilia have occurred in some people taking protease inhibitors, including NORVIR. You should tell your doctor if you have diabetes or an increase in thirst or urinate often. The cause and long-term effects of body fat changes are not known at this time.

Changes in the electrocardiogram (EKG) can occur when taking NORVIR. Consult your doctor if you experience dizziness, lightheadedness, fainting spells or abnormal heartbeat. People with heart defects or conduction defects should avoid NORVIR.

Immune reconstitution syndrome may occur after starting anti-HIV medicines, including NORVIR. This happens when you develop signs and symptoms of serious infections you already have or had, which may require additional treatment.

The most commonly reported side effects are feeling weak/tired, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, changes in taste, tingling feeling or numbness (in hands or feet or around the lips), headache, and dizziness.

If you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant, it is not known if NORVIR can harm your unborn baby. If you take NORVIR while you are pregnant, talk to your doctor about how you can take part in the Antiretroviral Pregnancy Registry. You should not breast-feed because you may pass HIV on to your baby or your baby could experience side effects from NORVIR.

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 详细处方信息以本药内容附件PDF文件（20118321591325.pdf）的“原文Priscribing Information”为准
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